Environmental Science

High School Track·Water hardness soap-suds test

Water hardness soap-suds test

Hard water (high mineral content, calcium/magnesium) produces less soap lather than soft water, a real, simple water-chemistry indicator test.

Where to buy & price

Just examples of where to look and roughly what to expect to pay, get everything from wherever works for you, at whatever price you find.

Free/negligible, reuses soap already at home.

Cold storage / timing

None.

Reagents & materials required

Water samples (tap, rainwater, bottled/distilled, borehole if available)100ml of each
Liquid soap5 drops per sample
Clear jars/bottles with lids1 per water sample tested

Procedure, step by step

  1. 1

    Collect several different water samples, for example tap water, rainwater, bottled or distilled water, and borehole water if you have access to it.

  2. 2

    Pour an equal amount (about 100ml) of each sample into its own clear jar or bottle with a lid.

  3. 3

    Add an identical, small measured amount of liquid soap, for example exactly 5 drops, to each jar.

  4. 4

    Seal each jar and shake it vigorously for the same amount of time, about 10 seconds, for every sample.

  5. 5

    Let the jars sit undisturbed for 30 seconds, then observe and measure the height of the foam layer on top of each.

  6. 6

    Rank the water samples from most lather (softest water) to least lather (hardest water), and record which source produced the least.

Read more: General water-hardness chemistry is documented across environmental-science education resources; see the USGS water-hardness overview.

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